Copyright © NewPath Learning. All rights reserved. www.newpathlearning.com 36-6002 C harts C harts Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts Combine Essential Health Education Skills with Hands-On Activities! A ll A bout O pioid D rugs A ll A bout O pioid D rugs Sturdy, Free-Standing Design, Perfect for Learning Centers! Reverse Side Features Questions, Labeling Exercises, Review Activities & more!Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts provide comprehensive coverage of health education topics in an illustrated format that is visually appealing, engaging and easy to use. Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts can be used with the entire classroom, with small groups or by students working independently. Each Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Chart Set features: •10 double-sided laminated charts with illustrated instruction on one side plus write-on/wipe-off activities on the reverse side for student use. •Built-in sturdy free-standing easel for easy display •Spiral bound for ease of use •Student Activity Guide Ideal for •Learning centers •In class instruction for interactive presentations and demonstrations •Hands-on student use •Stand alone reference for review of key concepts •Teaching resource to supplement any program •Parental Involvement HOW TO USE Classroom Use Each Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Chart can be used to graphically introduce or review a topic of interest. Side 1 of each Flip Chart provides graphical representation of key concepts in a concise, grade appropriate reading level for instructing students. The reverse Side 2 of each Flip Chart allows teachers or students to summarize key concepts and assess their understanding. Note: Be sure to use an appropriate dry-erase marker and to test it on a small section of the chart prior to using it. The Activity Guide included provides a black-line master of each Flip Chart which students can use to fill in before, during, or after instruction. While the activities in the guide can be used in conjunction with the Flip Charts, they can also be used individually for review or as a form of assessment or in conjunction with any other related assignment. Learning Centers Students may use these Flip Charts in small group settings along with the corresponding activity pages contained in the guide to learn or review concepts already covered in class. Independent Student Use Students can use the hands-on Flip Charts to practice and learn independently by first studying Side 1 of the chart and then using Side 2 of the chart or the corresponding graphical activities contained in the Activity Guide. Reference/Teaching Resource Curriculum Mastery ® Charts are a great visual supplement to any curriculum. Chart # 1: Chart # 2: Chart # 3: Chart # 4: Chart # 5: Chart # 6: Chart # 7: Chart # 8: Chart # 9: Chart #10: What are Opioids? Brain Anatomy How do Opioids Work? Opioid Effects on the Body Opioid-Heroin Connection Effects of Heroin Opioid Addiction The Opioid Crisis Preventing Opioid Addiction Getting Help for Addiction Phone: 800-507-0966 • Fax: 800-507-0967 www.newpathlearning.com NewPath Learning® products are developed by teachers using research-based principles and are classroom tested. The company’s learning resources include an array of proprietary Curriculum Mastery® games and Flip Charts, Learning Centers, Activity Books, Visual Learning Guides and other hands-on resources. All resources are supplemented with web-based multimedia lessons, assessments and interactive activities to provide an engaging means of educating students on key, curriculum-based topics correlated to applicable state and national education standards. Copyright © 2020 NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Curriculum Mastery ® and NewPath Learning ® are registered trademarks of NewPath Learning LLC. Opioids are Powerful Drugs Opioids are powerful drugs derived from the poppy plant that have been used for hundreds of years to relieve pain. They include opium, heroin, morphine and codeine. Prescription Opioids People who have major surgeries, serious sports injuries, or cancer, are sometimes prescribed opioids to help manage their pain . But opioids can quickly trigger addiction when used improperly. If a person misuses the drug and doesn’t take them as prescribed, opioids can have dangerous consequences. The most commonly used prescription opioids are oxycodone (OxyContin ® ), hydrocodone (Vicodin ® ), codeine, and morphine. Heroin, an illegal drug, is also an opioid, but it is not considered a medication. What are Opioids? Ill ega l opioids are used to get high. Prescription opioids are used as medicine. Both of these can be dangerous. Ways People Misuse Opioid Medications: • not following instructions from their doctor • taking pills that are not prescribed for them • taking opioids just to get high • mixing opioids with other medications, alcohol, or over-the-counter drugs Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6834What are Opioids? What are opioids? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Prescription Opioids When are opioid drugs prescribed? _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Most commonly used prescription opioids include: ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Ways People Misuse Opioid Medications: __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6834The diencephalon relays and processes sensory information. It includes the thalamus and hypothalamus. axon myelin sheath direction of nerve impulse axon terminal synapse cell body dendrites Frontal lobe • motor control of speech • behavior control • logic/problem solving Temporal lobe • hearing • memory & recall • language comprehension • • • Brainstem • breathing • involuntary responses Hypothalamus • regulates hormones • maintains body temperature & vital body functions Hippocampus • emotions & motivation • memory Thalamus • sensory perception • motor funtions speech touch hearing Limbic lobe Amygdala • emotions & motivation, particularly related to survival (fear, anger, sex) Cerebellum • balance & coordination Frontal lobe • motor control of speech • behavior control • logic/problem solving Temporal lobe • hearing • memory & recall • language comprehension Parietal lobe • sensory analysis (touch) • sensory motor • body orientation Occipital lobe • sight • visual reception & interpretation Brainstem • breathing • involuntary response speech touch hearing vision The limbic system is involved in many of our emotions, motivations, and feelings of pleasure. Major structures include the limbic lobe , hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus . The thalamus connects areas of the cerebral cortex to other parts of the brain and spinal cord that are also involved in sensation and movement. The cerebral cortex is divided into right and left hemispheres and lies over and around other structures of the brain. It is the most highly developed part of the human brain and is responsible for thinking, perceiving, and problem solving. The cerebral cortex can be divided into 4 lobes. Nerve Cells The brain is made up of billions of nerve cells, called neurons . The shapes and sizes of neurons vary, as well as their functions. Typically, a neuron contains three parts: • central cell body - that directs all activities of the neuron • dendrites - short fibers that receive messages from other neurons • axon - a long single fiber that transmits messages from the cell body to the dendrites of other neurons or to body tissues, such as muscles Communication between nerve cells occurs through the release of chemical substances into the space (synapse) between the axon and dendrites. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6835 Brain Anatomy Parts of the Brain The brain consists of several large regions: brainstem , cerebellum , limbic system , diencephalon and cerebral cortex .speech touch hearing vision speech touch hearing Parts of the Brain The brain consists of several large regions: ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Nerve Cells (Neurons) Describe the 3 parts of a neuron: ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Brain Anatomy www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6835Figure 7 Cocaine use over timeCocaineNormal dopamine vesicle with dopamine transporter molecule dopamine receptors transporter blocked by cocaine buildup of dopamine seratonin binding to receptor initiates signal to postsynaptic neuron destruction/loss vesicle releases dopamine normal reuptake of dopamine Receiving Neuron Transmitting Neuron Transmitting Neuron Transmitting Neuron SYNAPSE dopamine vesicle with dopamine dopamine receptors dopamine transporter transporter blocked normal reuptake of dopamine Receiving Neuron Transmitting Neuron cerebral cortex basal ganglia corpus colosum thalamus brainstem VTA (ventral tegmental area) amygdala nucleus accumbens Pleasure Pathway hippocampus cerebellum density of opioid receptors lowhigh Pain Messages Opioids act on both the spinal cord and brain. At the level of the spinal cord, opiates interfere with the transmission of the pain messages between neurons and prevent them from reaching the brain. This blockade of pain messages is known as analgesia . Opioids act in regions of the brain by attaching to molecules called receptors that receive pain signals from the body. Two important effects produced by opiates are pleasure (or reward) and pain relief . Opioid Receptors in the Brain Dopamine Dopamine (a neurotransmitter ) is the chemical responsible for making us feel good and motivates our actions. When opioids attach to receptors on neurons, they cause a large amount of dopamine to be released in the pleasure centers of the brain. They also hinder the normal reuptake of the dopamine. Prolonged exposure to large amounts of dopamine can alter the way the pleasure center, as well as other parts of the brain, function. All drugs that are addicting can activate the brain’s pleasure circuit. Within this reward system, opiates activate receptors in the VTA , nucleus accumbens , and cerebral cortex causing greater amounts of dopamine to be released. This causes an intense euphoria, or rush, that lasts briefly and is followed by a few hours of a relaxed, contented state. How do Opioids Work? Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6836Figure 7 Cocaine use over timeCocaineNormal dopamine vesicle with dopamine transporter molecule dopamine receptors transporter blocked by cocaine buildup of dopamine seratonin binding to receptor initiates signal to postsynaptic neuron overactivation of receiving neuron destruction/loss of receptors over time vesicle releases dopamine normal reuptake of dopamine Receiving Neuron Transmitting Neuron Transmitting Neuron Receiving Neuron Transmitting Neuron Receiving Neuron SYNAPSE cocaine dopamine dopamine vesicle with dopamine dopamine receptors dopamine transporter transporter blocked normal reuptake of dopamine Receiving Neuron Transmitting Neuron cerebral cortex basal ganglia corpus colosum thalamus brainstem VTA (ventral tegmental area) amygdala nucleus accumbens Pleasure Pathway hippocampus cerebellum density of opioid receptors lowhigh How do Opioids Work? Pain Messages How do opioids interfere with pain messages? _________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Dopamine What is dopamine and how does it affect the brain? ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Opioid Receptors Describe opioid receptors in the brain. ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6836medulla oblongata frontal lobes pons Opioid receptors are located in neurons throughout the body. When opioids attach to these receptors, they cause dopamine to be released. In the short term, the release of dopamine can make people feel very relaxed and happy. But it can also cause harmful effects , like extreme sleepiness, confusion, nausea, vomiting and constipation. Over time, opioids can lead to insomnia, muscle pain, heart infections, pneumonia and addiction. Opioid Effects on the Body BRAIN Opioids bind to receptors in many parts of the brain that are involved in perceiving pain, emotional response, and the pleasure/reward pathway. BRAINSTEM Opioids can bind to receptors in the brainstem and cause slowed breathing, which can lead to death (overdose). SPINAL CORD Opioids can interfere with the transmission of pain signals through the spinal cord. This is one of the target regions that make opiods an effective drug in treating pain. PERIPHERAL NERVES Opioids can also bind to receptors on pain-sensing neurons in the peripheral nervous system and curb pain. INTESTINES Opioid medications can interfere with neurons that regulate peristalsis in the intestines, leading to constipation. LUNGS • slowed breathing • low cough reflex • pneumonia HEART • slowed heart rate • low blood pressure • atrial fibrillation • heart infections (endocarditis)Opiods can cause muscle pain. Opiods can cause excess eye tearing. infection of heart valve Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6837Next >