SCIENCEAssessmentReviewSCIENCEAssessmentReview555SCIENCEAssessmentReviewSCIENCEAssessmentReview555555SCIENCEAssessmentReviewSCIENCE CIENCE Assessment ssessment RevieweviewCopyright © NewPath Learning. All rights reserved.www.newpathlearning.comCHARTSCHARTSGRADEGRADE888\|xiBAHBDy01210ozX34-8902STAARFORCE, MOTION & ENERGYFORCE, MOTION & ENERGYSturdy, Free-Standing Design, Perfect for Learning Centers!Reverse Side Features Questions, Labeling Exercises, Vocabulary Review & more!Curriculum Mastery® Flip Charts Combine Essential STAAR Science Knowledge & Skills with Hands-On Review!Phone: 800-507-0966 • Fax: 800-507-0967 www.newpathlearning.com NewPath Learning® products are developed by teachers using research-based principles and are classroom tested. The company’s product line consists of an array of proprietary curriculum review games, workbooks, posters and other print materials. All products are supplemented with web-based activities, assessments and content to provide an engaging means of educating students on key, curriculum-based topics correlated to applicable state and national education standards. Copyright © 2018 NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Curriculum Mastery® and NewPath Learning® are registered trademarks of NewPath Learning LLC. Science Curriculum Mastery® Flip Charts provide comprehensive coverage of essential STARR science concepts in an illustrated format that is visually appealing, engaging and easy to use. Curriculum Mastery® Flip Charts can be used with the entire classroom, with small groups or by students working independently. HOW TO USE Classroom Use Each Curriculum Mastery® Flip Chart can be used to graphically introduce or review a topic of interest. Side 1 of each Flip Chart provides graphical representation of key concepts in a concise, grade appropriate reading level for instructing students. The reverse Side 2 of each Flip Chart allows teachers or students to summarize key concepts and assess their understanding. Note: Be sure to use an appropriate dry-erase marker and to test it on a small section of the chart prior to using it. The Activity Guide included provides a black-line master of each Flip Chart which students can use to fill in before, during, or after instruction. While the activities in the guide can be used in conjunction with the Flip Charts, they can also be used individually for review or as a form of assessment or in conjunction with any other related assignment. Learning Centers Each Flip Chart provides students with a quick illustrated view of science curriculum concepts. Students may use these Flip Charts in small group settings along with the corresponding activity pages contained in the guide to learn or review concepts already covered in class. Students may also use these charts as reference while playing the NewPath’s Curriculum Mastery® Games. Independent student use Students can use the hands-on Flip Charts to practice and learn independently by first studying Side 1 of the chart and then using Side 2 of the chart or the corresponding graphical activities contained in the Activity Guide. Reference/Teaching resource Curriculum Mastery® Charts are a great visual supplement to any curriculum or they can be used in conjunction with NewPath’s Curriculum Mastery® Games. STAAR - Grade 8 SCIENCE Assessment Review Flip Chart Force, Motion and Energy The student will demonstrate an understanding of force, motion, and energy and their relationships. 8.6 Force, motion and energy. The student knows that there is a relationship between force, motion, and energy. The student is expected to (A) demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object’s motion; Readiness Standard• Force(B) differentiate between speed, velocity, and acceleration; Readiness Standard• Motion – Speed & Velocity • Acceleration• Motion – Speed & Velocity • Acceleration(C) investigate and describe applications of Newton's three laws of motion such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches; Readiness Standard• Newton’s 1st Law • Newton’s 2nd Law • Newton’s 3rd Law • Gravity(A) compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy; Supporting Standard(C) calculate average speed using distance and time measurements; Supporting Standard• Conservation of Energy6.8 Force, motion and energy. The student knows force and motion are related to potential and kinetic energy. The student is expected to(C) demonstrate energy transformations such as energy in a flashlight battery changes from chemical energy to electrical energy to light energy; Supporting Standard• Energy Transformation6.9 Force, motion and energy. The student knows that the Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it just changes form. The student is expected to(D) measure and graph changes in motion; Supporting StandardForce© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4883Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.What is a Force?A force is a push or a pull. When you kick a soccer ball, you are exerting a force on the ball to make it move. A force is described by its strength and its direction. A force’s strength is measured in units called Newtons, named after Sir Isaac Newton. A force is represented by an arrow pointing in the direction of the force, with the length of the arrow indicating the strength of the force. push270 newtonsCombining ForcesNet ForceForces can act in combination and produce what is referred to as net force. When two forces are exerted in the same direction, you calculate net force by adding the two forces together. 100 newtons100 newtonsbalanced forcesnet force = 200 newtons100 newtons100 newtons100 newtonsunbalanced forces200 newtonsBalanced ForcesIf two equal forces are opposed to each other, they tend to cancel each other out. These are called balanced forces. Unbalanced ForcesTwo unequal opposing forces will produce a net force in the direction of the larger force. Force© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4883Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.5N12N4N5NPause and ReviewFor each image, draw arrows representing the force and direction of each object. Then draw another arrow to indicate the net force and direction of motion.Motion - Speed & Velocity© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4880Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.What is motion?An object is in motion if it changes its position relative to another object. You can describe the characteristics of motion in many ways including distance, speed, velocity, acceleration and momentum.city 15km15 km/hourdistancetimespeed =Many objects in motion do not travel at a constant speed. A car traveling between two cities moves at different speeds along the way. To calculate the average speed of an object, use the total distance traveled divided by the total time.50 km80 km70 kmaveragespeed 50 km + 80 km + 70 km1 hr + 2 hr + 2 hr200 km5 hr40 kmhr===total distancetotal timeaverage speed =Graphing the Speed of an ObjectThe motion of an object can be shown on a graph with the x axis as time and the y axis as distance. To graph the motion, plot the data points that indicate the distance traveled at a particular time, and then draw a line through the points. The slope of this line represents the speed of the object. A steeper slope indicates a faster speed.time in secondsdistance in miles1002003004005006007008001000120012345678910runrisefastertance in milesslope =riserunspeed =msec slope =400 2speed = 200 m/secles500 km/hrnortheast30 km/hrnorthwest500 km/hrnortheastVelocityVelocity is defined as the speed of an object in a given direction. Velocity can provide important information. For example, although knowing the speed of a hurricane is informative, actually knowing the velocity of the storm is critical for people to determine if they are in the predicted path of destruction.SpeedSpeed describes the distance an object travels during a certain amount of time. Speed is a measurement of a rate. If a cyclist traveled a distance of 15 kilometers in an hour’s time, the bicycle was moving at a speed of 15 kilometers per hour. Speed equals the distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel. velocityvelocity© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4880Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Shortsville84 km? km600 km/hr2) An airplane flies at an average speed of 600 km/hour. It departs at 10:15 a.m. and lands at 11:45 a.m. How far did the airplane travel? Pause and ReviewSolve each problem. Show your work and answers. speed = distance/time1) A cyclist plans to travel 84 km from his home to a nearby town. He begins his journey at 10 a.m. and reaches his destination at 2 p.m. What was the average speed the cyclist was traveling? Motion - Speed & VelocityAcceleration© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4881Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Acceleration is the rate at which an object’s velocity changes. A change in velocity can be an increase or decrease in speed, or a change in direction. A race car accelerates, gaining speed, when it starts a race. The car decelerates, or has negative acceleration, when it slows down and stops to re-fuel. A race car traveling around the track at a constant speed also has acceleration because it is changing direction.acceleration = rate of change in velocityCalculating AccelerationIf an object is changing speed, but not changing direction, you can calculate acceleration. Basically, acceleration equals the change of speed of an object, over a specific amount of time. Imagine a roller coaster car at the peak of a steep drop. The initial speed of the car is 0 m/sec, and its speed at the bottom of the peak is 30 m/sec. It takes three seconds to travel from the top to the bottom. The roller coaster accelerated at 10 m/sec2.10152025303540455055acceleration = change of speedtimeinitial speed 0 m/sec30 m/secacceleration = 30 m/s3 sec= 10 m/sec2Distance vs. Time GraphAcceleration can be identified on a distance vs. time graph. The slope of the line represents an object’s speed. A straight line indicates no change in speed, therefore the object is not accelerating. A curved line indicates that the object’s speed is changing. A curve with a slope that’s getting steeper, tells us that the object is accelerating. A line curved in the opposite direction indicates that the object is decelerating.Speed vs. Time GraphThe acceleration of an object can be shown on a graph with the x axis as the time and the y axis as the speed. Data points are plotted indicating the speed of the object at different times while it is traveling from one point to another. If the line is straight, then the acceleration was constant. The slope of the line represents the object’s acceleration. A steeper slope would indicate a faster acceleration. time in secondsdistance in meterstime in secondsdistance in meterstime in secondsdistance in meters102030405060708010012012345678910speed =20 m/sec102030405060708010012012345678910102030405060708010012012345678910no accelerationaccelerationdecelerationtime in secondsspeed m/sec102030405060708010012012345678910riserunfaster accelerationslope = rise/runacceleration = change of speed/timePause and ReviewSolve each problem. Show your work and answers.Accelerationacceleration = change in speed/time1) A car leaves a stoplight and accelerates for 15 seconds, and its speed reaches 60 km/hr. How fast did the car accelerate during this time?2) A racecar is measured to accelerate at 25 km per hour/sec. How long does it take for this car to accelerate from 0 km/hr to 125 km/hr? time (hour)distance (km)102030405060708090100123490 km/hr50 km/hr30 km/hr© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4881Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Write the speed of each car in the box above the correct line on the graph.Newton’s First LawSir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist and astronomer who lived in the late 1600s. He is considered to be one of the most influential scientists of all time. Newton proposed the law of universal gravitation as well as the three basic laws of motion, which have influenced the study of physics for over 300 years. inertiaNewton’s First Law of MotionNewton’s first law is also known as the law of inertia. This law states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia is an object’s resistance to a change in motion. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4886Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.The Moon & Earth have InteriaThe Moon and the Earth are in constant motion as they rotate on their axes, and therefore they have inertia. The combination of gravity and inertia keeps the Moon moving in orbit around the Earth. If there were no gravitational pull on the Moon, it would move in a straight line away from the Earth into space. If the Moon did not have inertia, then it would be pulled by Earth’s gravity and crash into Earth. The same forces keep the Earth in orbit around the Sun.For example, when a car brakes, a passenger’s body will tend to move forward due to inertia. A seatbelt provides an opposing force to this inertia.Moon’s orbitloss of inertiaMoon’s orbitSir Isaac Newton1643-1727Next >