Formulas & Equations© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4860Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Chemical Formulas Chemical formulas are a shorthand way to represent the types of atoms and their numbers in an element or a compound. The atoms of each element are represented by one or two letters. Chemical EquationsA chemical reaction can be expressed as a chemical equation. A chemical equation is a statement of a chemical change using symbols. Consider the reaction between carbon and oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide. The starting substances, known as reactants, are carbon and oxygen gasformed, known as a product, is carbon dioxide. To write the chemical equation for a reactionwrite the symbols for the reactants, then an arrow, followed by the symbols for the products. The “plus” (+) sign separates the reactants or products from one another. The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction or “to yield.”chemical formulaH2O2 Hydrogen atoms1 Oxygen atomreactantsproductCarbonOxygen gasCarbon Dioxide++CO2CO2in a molecule, a subscript is used to indicate this in the chemical formula. For example, the chemical formula for water, H2O, represents that two atoms of hydrogen have joined together with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water.CO2COsubscriptelementscompoundChemical formulas are a shorthand way to represent the types of atoms andddddddd ttttttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeiiiiiiiiiir numbers iiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnn aaaaaaaaaaan elllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmennnttttttttttt oooooooooooooorrr a compound. The atoms of each element are represented by one or two letteeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrrrrssssssssss...... A chemical reactioooooooooooooooonnnnnnnnnn caaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn bbbbbbbbbbe exprreeeeeeeeeeeesssssssssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeedd aaaaaaaaaasssssssssssss aaaaaaaaaaaaa chemical equaaaaaaaaaaattttttttttiion. A chemical equation is a statement of a chemical changgeeeeeeeeeeeeee uuussiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnngggggggggggggggggg ssssssssyyymmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbooooools. Connnnnnnnnnsssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiidddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrr theeeeeeeeee reaction bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetttttttttttttttwwwwwwwween carbon and oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide. The stttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarrtiiiiinnnnnnnnnnngggggggg subbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbsssssssssssssttttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaanceeeeeeeeeeesssssssssssssss,,,,,,,,,,,, known as rrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeaaaacccccccccctttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnts, aaaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeeeee carbon and oxygen gasformed, knowwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwnnnnnnnnnnn aaaaaaaaaaassssssssssss aa pppppppppppppprrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooodductttttttttttt, iiiiiiiiiiiiiiissssssssssssss tttttcccarrrrrrrbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbooooooooooooooonn dioxiddddddddddeeeeeeeeee. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTToooooooooooo wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwrrrrrrrrrrrrrrriiiiiiiiiiiiiiitttttttttttttteee the chemical equation for a reactionwrite the syyyyyyyyyyyyymmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmbbbbooooooooooooooollllllllllllllssssssss ffffffffffffffooooooooorrrrrrrrrrrr ttttttttthhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeee rrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeaactannnnnnnnnnnnntttttttttttttttsssssssssss,,,,,,,,, thhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnn aaan arrow, ffffffffffffffoooooooooooollllllllllllllllllowed by the symbols for the products. The “plus” (+) sign seeeeeeeeeepppppppppppppparrrrrrrrrrraaaaaaaaaaaaaatttttttttttttteeeeeeeeeeeesssssssssssss tttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeee reeeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaaaaaaacccccccccccccccttttttttannnnnnnnnnnnttttttttttttttssssssssssss oooor prrrrrrrrrooooooooooooooodddddddddddddduuuuuctttttttttttsssssssssssss fffffffffffrrrrrrrom one another. The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction oooooooooooooor “ttttttttttttttooooooooooooooooo yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyiiiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeeeeeeellllllllllldddddd.....”2222222222222 Hydrogen atoms1 Oxygen atomreacccccccccccctttttttttttttttttttttaaaaaaaaaaaaaannnnntttttttttttttttttsssssssssssssproductCCCCCCCCCCarbonOxygen gasCarbon Dioxidein a molecule, a subscript is used to indicate thiiiiiiiiiiiiissssssssssssss iiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnn ttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeee chemical formula. For example, the chemical foorrrrrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmuuuuuuuullllllllllllaaaaaaaaaaaffoorr wwaatteerr, HH2OO, rreepprreesseennttss tthhaatt ttwwoo aattoommss ooff hhyyddrroooooooooooooooooooggggggggggggggggggggggeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnhave joined together with one atom of oxyyyyyyyggggggggggggggggeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnnnn tttttttttttoooooooooooooo fffffffffffooooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm a molecule of water.subscriptelementsccommmmmmmmmmppppppppppppoooooooooooouuuuuuuuunnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddd
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