Introduction to Elements© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4847Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.ElementsAn element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. This means an element is a substance made entirely of one type of atom. For example, every atom in a piece of copper is the same. 90 elements that occur naturally in our universe.H1HydrogenHe2HeliumNe10NeonAr18ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonBrHg35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineO8OxygenN7NitrogenC6CarbonB5BoronLi3LithiumNa11SodiumK19PotassiumCa20CalciumRb37RubidiumCs55CesiumFr87FranciumRa88RadiumAc89ActiniumRf104RutherfordiumDb105DubniumSg106SeaborgiumBh107BohriumHs108HassiumMt109Meitnerium110Darmstadtium111Roentgenium112CoperniciumCn114FleroviumFl116LivermoriumLvRgDsBa56BariumLa57LanthanumHf72HafniumTa73TantalumW74TungstunRe75RheniumOs76OsmiumIr77IridiumPt78PlatinumAu79Gold80MercuryTl81ThalliumPb82LeadBi8384BismuthPoPoloniumSr38StrontiumY39YttriumZr40ZirconiumNb41NiobiumMo42MolybdenumTc43TechnetiumRu44RutheniumRh45RhodiumPd46PalladiumAg47SilverCd48CadmiumIn49IndiumSn50TinSc21ScandiumTi22TitaniumV23VanadiumCr24ChromiumMn25ManganeseFe26IronCo27CobaltNi28NickelCu29CopperZn30ZincGa31GalliumAl13AluminumMg12MagnesiumBe4BeryliumSi14SiliconP15PhosphorusS16SulfurSe34SeleniumAs33ArsenicGe32GermaniumSb51 AntimonyTe52TelluriumI53IodineAt85Astatinesolidstate at room temperatureliquidgasnot found in naturePeriodic Table of the ElementsCe58CeriumTh90ThoriumPa91ProtactiniumPr59PraseodymiumNd60NeodymiumU92UraniumNp93NeptuniumPm61PromethiumSm62SamariumPu94PlutoniumAm95AmericiumEu63EuropiumGd64GadoliniumCm96CuriumBk97BerkeliumTb65TerbiumDy66DysprosiumCf98CaliforniumEs99EinsteiniumHo67HolmiumEr68ErbiumFm100FermiumMd101MendeleviumTm69ThuliumYb70YtterbiumLu71Lutetium No102NobeliumLr103LawrenciumNp93NeptuniumPm61PromethiumPu94PlutoniumAm95AmericiumCm96CuriumBk97BerkeliumCf98CaliforniumEs99EinsteiniumFm100FermiumMd101MendeleviumNo102NobeliumLr103LawrenciummciuAm-241(Americium)Np-237(Neptunium)alphaparticleOHH1:81 Oxygen2 Hydrogen (H = 1 amu) (O = 16 amu) atomic mass = 2atomic mass = 16mass ratio(H = 1 amu) (O = 16 amu) 1:162 Oxygen2 Hydrogenatomic mass = 2atomic mass = 32mass ratioO HOHCompoundsMost living and nonliving things are made up of a combination of elements. Elements chemically combine in a variety of ways to form compounds. A compound is made of two or more different elements bonded together in an exact ratio according to their masses. For example, water is a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen with a mass ratio of 1 to 8. However, if the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 1 to 16, the compound formed would be hydrogen peroxide. While water and hydrogen peroxide are both made of hydrogen and oxygen, they are different compounds with distinct properties.Periodic Table of the Elements(Americium)(Neptunium)water - H2Ohydrogen peroxide H2O2SulfurCopperCopper atomIronCarbon (coal)SilverGoldGoldCarbon (coal)SilverSulfurCopperIronCopper atomThere are also over 20 man-made elements, such as einsteinium. Man-made elements are radioactive and unstable and decay over time into lighter elements. An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances. This means an element is a substance made entirely of one type of atom. For example, every atom in a piece of copper is the same. 90 elements that occur naturally in our universe.H1HydrogenHe2HeliumNe10NeonAr18ArgonKr36KryptonXe54XenonRn86RadonBrHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHggggggggggggggggg35BromineCl17ChlorineF9FluorineOOOOO8888888888OxygenNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN7NitNiNNNNNi rogeneneneneneennennnCCCCCCCCCCCCCC6CarbonB5BoronLi3LithiumNa11SodiumK19PotassiumCa20CalciumRb37RubidiumCs55CesiumFr87FranciumRa88RadiumAc89ActiniumRf104RutherfordiumDb105DubniumSg106SeaborgiumBhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh107Bohhhrriuriuriuriuririurriur mmmmmmmHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHs10101010101010101100100888888HassiummmmmmmMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMt109MeeieieieieieeMeiM tntntnettntnnnnnn rium110DarDarraarrraarrmstmmmmmmmmssss adtium111Roentgenium1122222222222CoperniciumCn114FleroviumFl116LivermoriumLvDsRgBa56BariumLa57LanthanumHf72HafniumTa73TantalumW74TungstunRe75RheniumOOOOOOOOOOOssssssssssss7667676667666767OsmOsmOsmOsmOOsmOsmmiumiiiiiiIIIIIIIIIrrrrrrrrrrrr77777777777777777777777IridiumPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPtttttttttttttt777878787877877778888PPlaPlaPlaPlaaPPPPl tintinintintininumumumumumumAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAu79GGGolGGGGGGGG d88808080808880880800MerMerMerMerMerMerMerrMerMMcurccuccucuccucu yTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTllllllllllllll818818118818181818181811TThaThThaThaThThaThaThThTTTTllllillllll umPb8828828282828282222888LeadBi8384BismuthPoPoloniumSr38StrontiumY39YttriumZr40ZirconiumNb41NiobiumMo42MolybdenumTc43TechnetiumRu44RutheniumRhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh454544545544545445454RhodiumPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPdddddddddddddddddd4646444644464646466PPalPPPPPPPPaPaa laddddadddddiumiumiumiummmiummumiummAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgggggggggggggg47474744474747477Silverg CCCdddddddd48CadmiuiuuuuuuiuuuiuummmmmmmmmIIIIIIIIIIIIInnnnnnnnnnnnn49449494494499494944IndiuumumumummuumuumuumSSSSSSSSSSnnnnnnnnnnnn50TiTiTiTiTTTTiiTTTTinnnnnnnnSc21ScandiumTi22TitaniumV23VanadiumCr24ChromiumMn25ManganeseFe26IronCCCCCCCCCCCCCoooooooooooooo27CobbCoCobCobCobCobCCoCoC bo altNNi28888828288888NicNicNicNicNicicNNNN kelkelkelkelkkeCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu2922222CopCoCoCoCoCCCooopperererreeererZn30ZincGa31111GalliumAl13AAluAAAA minummmmmmmmmmMg12MagnesiumggBe4BeryliumSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSiiiiiiiiiii14SilSS icoocooooocccooonnnnnnnnnPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP1515515155111551111PhoPhoPhoPhPhoPhoooPhoPhoPhhoPPh ssssphsorusS111161111111SulfurSe34SeleniumAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAss33ArsArsArsAArsArsArsAArssA sArsA senie cGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGeeeeeeeeeeee32323323233222322223GermanmanananananaannaannnniumiumummmmmiumiummSb51 AntimonyTe52TelluriumI53IodineAt85Astatinesolidstate at room temperatureliquidgasnot found in natttttttttttttttttuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeeeCeeeeeeeeeeeeee58888CeriumTh90ThoriumPa9119111991911ProtactiniumummmmmmPPPPPPPPPPPPPPrrrrrrrrrrrr595959595959595559559PraPraPraPraPrPPraPraPraPrrraaseoseoseoeoseoseoeoos odymdddddddyyyy iumNNNNNNNNNdd60606006060660606066600NeoNeoNNeoNeoNeeoeoNeoNeoNeoeodymdymdymdymymdymymdyymmmiumiUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU922222UUraUraUraUUUrarUraUraa iniuiuniuniuniuummmmmmSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm662626226226266666Samaaririiariaaraariaaria uuuuumuuuuuEu63EuropiumGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGdddddddddddddddddd64646466646464646446466Gaddddddolioliolioliolioooliooo niuniuniunnnnn mmmmmmmmmTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTb65656556565665656566556TTTTTeTTTT rbiumDy66Dysprosiumyy Ho67HolmiumEr68ErbiumTm69ThuliumYb70YtterbiumLu71Lutetium NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNppppppppppppppp93NeptuniummmmmmmmPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm61661616161666166166166116PromettthiuhiuhiuhiuhihiuhiuhhhiummmmmmPu994994949499449999PlutoniummmmmmmmmmmAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAmmmmmmmmmm95AmeAmAmAAmAmAmAmAmAAmm riciumCmmmmmmmmmmmmm9696666696666CuriumBBBBBBBBBBk97BerkeliumCf98CaliforniumEs99EinsteiniumFm100FermiumMd101MendeleviumNo102NobeliumLr103LawrenciummciuAm-241NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpppppppppp-2333333777777777777777aalphappppppppppppppaaaaaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrrrrrrrtttttttttttttiiiiiiiccccllllllllleeeeeeeeeeeeeeeepOHH1:81 Oxygen2 Hydrogen (H = 1 amu) (O = 16 amu)atomic mass = 2atomicmass = 16mass ratio(H = 1 amu) (O = 16 amu)1:162 Oxygen2 Hydrogenatomic mass = 2atomic mass = 32mass ratioO HOHMost livvvvvvvvviiiiiiiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnng aaaaaaaaaaaaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddddddd nnnnnnnnnnnnnnoooooooooooooonnnnnllliiiiiiivvvvvvvvvvvvvviiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnggggggggggggggggg tttttttttttthhhhhhings arrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeee mmmmmmmmmmmmmadddddddddddeeeeeeeeeee uuuuuuuuuuupppppppp offff aaaaaaaaaaa combinnnnnnnnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaaaatioooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ooooooooooooooofffffffffffffff eeeeeeeeeeelllllllllllleeeeeeemmmmmmmmmmmmmeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnntttttttttttttssssssssss........ 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A commmmmpppppppppppppooooooooooouuuuuuuuund iiissssssssssssssss made of twoooooooooo ooooooooor mmmmmmmmmmmmmmoooooooooooooorrrrrrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeee ddddddddddddddddddddddiiiiiiiiiiffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrreeennnnnnnnnntttttttttt eeeeeeeeelementttttttssssssssss bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbooooooooooooooonnnddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeedddddddddddddddd tttttttttogethhhheeeeeerrrrrrrrrr iiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn aan exact raaaaaaattttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiio aaaaaaaaaaaccccccccccccccccccoooooooooooooorrrrrrdddddddddddddiiiiiiinnnnnnnnnngggggggggggg ttttttttttooooooooooo ttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeir mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmaaaaaaaaaaaaaassssssssssssses. FFFFFFFFFFFFor eeeeeeeeeeeexxxxxxxxxxxxxaaaaaaaaaammmmmmmmmmmmmmpppppppppppppppplllllllllllllleeeeeeeeeeee,,,,, wwwwwwwwwwwwwaaaaaaaaaaaatttttttttter is a cooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmpppppppppppppoooooouuunnnnnnnnnnnnnnddddddddddddddd mmmmmmmmmmade offfffffffff hhhhhhhhhhhhhhyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyddddddddrogen and oxyggggggggggggeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnnnnnnn wwwwwwwwwwwwwiiiiiiiiiiiittttttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh a mass ratio of 11 tttttttttttooooooooooooo 888888888888... HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHooooooooooooowwwwwwwwwwwwweeeeeeeever, iff tttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeeeeeee mass ratioooooooo ooooooooooffffffffffff hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhydrogen to oxygen is 1 to 1111111111166666666666666666,,,,,,,, tttttttttthhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeee cccccccccccccooooooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmppppppppppppppppooooooound formed wwwwwwwwwwwoooooooooouuuuuuuuuuuuullllllllldddddddd be hydrogen peroxide. While waaaatttttttttteeeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrr aaaaaaaaand hydrogen pppperrrrrrrooooooooooooxxxxxxxxxxxiiiiiiiiiddddddddddeee are both made of hydrogen and oxyyyyyyyygggggggggggggggggeeeeeeeeeeeeennnnnnnn, they are ddddddddddiiiiiiiiiiiiifffffffffffffffffffffeeeeeeerenntttttttttt ccccccccccoooooooooommmmmmmmmmmmmpppppppounds with distinct propppppppppppppeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrrrrttttttttttttttiiiiiiiiiiiieeeeeeeeees.()(Americium)()(((((((((NNNNNNNNNeepppppppppppttttttttttttttuuuuuuuunium)hydrogen peroxideGold)()Carbon (coal)SilverSSSSSSSSSSSuuuuuuuuuuuuulllllllllffffffffffffffuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrppppppppppppppCCCCCCCCCCCCooooooooooooopppppppppppppppppppppppppppeeeeeeeeeeeerIIIIIIIIIrrrrrrrrrrrooooooooooonnnnnnnnnnCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCoooooooooooooppppppppppppppppppppppppppppeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrrrr aaaaaaaaatttttttomThere are also over 20 man-made elements, such as einsteinium. Man-made elements are radioactiveand unstable and decay over time into lighter elements.
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