< Previous__________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ ____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Effects of Alcohol on the Brain Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6918 How does Alcohol affect the Brain? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Potential Risks: • __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ Parts of the Brain Affected by AlcoholImpaired Driving Causes Crashes • Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking, this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes. • Young drivers are 17 times more likely to die in a crash when they have a BAC of .08% than when they have not been drinking. • Many drivers who cause crashes are found to have both drugs and alcohol or more than one drug in their system, making it hard to know which substance had the greater effect. • 43.6% of fatally injured drivers in 2016 tested positive for drugs and over half of those drivers were positive for two or more drugs. Dangers of Impaired Driving Is impaired driving dangerous? Even small amounts of some drugs can have a measurable effect on driving skills. As a result, some states have zero-tolerance laws for drugged driving. This means a person can face charges for driving under the influence (DUI) if there is any amount of drugs or alcohol in their blood or urine. The effects of specific drugs on driving skills differ depending on how they act in the brain. Drinking alcohol severly affects your driving skills, including reaction time, vision, tracking, concentration, comprehension and coordination. Marijuana impairs judgment of time and distance and can cause increases in lane weaving, poor reaction time, and altered attention to the road. Drivers who have used cocaine or methamphetamine can be aggressive and reckless when driving. Opioids can cause drowsiness and impair thinking and judgment. Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6915Dangers of Impaired Driving www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6915 How dangerous is impaired driving? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Impaired Driving Causes Crashes • ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Drinking Alcohol:Smoking Marijuana:Taking Drugs:Most drunk driving laws make it illegal to drive with a B lood A lcohol Concentration (BAC) at or above 0.08%. Zero Tolerance laws make it illegal for people under 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in their system. Urine samples can be tested for the presence of many drugs. Tests for detecting marijuana in drivers measure the level of delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the blood. THC can be detected in body fluids for days or even weeks after use. What is a DUI? Driving Under the Influence DUI stand for D riving U nder the I nfluence. Drinking alcohol or taking drugs can impair driving skills in various ways, including: slowing reaction time, decreasing coordination, causing drowsiness, and impairing cognitive functioning (thinking and judgment). All of these effects can lead to vehicle crashes. After alcohol, marijuana is the drug most often found in the blood of drivers involved in crashes. The vehicle crash risk associated with marijuana in combination with alcohol, cocaine, or prescription drugs is greater than that for each drug by itself. Driving Under the Influence Laws Consequences of Driving Under the Influence A breathalyzer is a device for estimating blood alcohol levels. Researchers are developing similar tests to detect drug use. Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6916How does Driving Under the Influence impair driving skills? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Driving Under the Influence Laws List Consequences of Driving Under the Influence • ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ • ___________________________________________________________________________ Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC): _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Breathalizer Test: _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Presence of Drugs in Urine: _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ What is a DUI? Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6916dopamine hypothalamus appetite, hormone levels, body temperature, emotions, sexual drive hippocampus memory, learning– problem solving, patterns cerebellum receives sensory information, center for motor control & coordination brainstem & spinal cord vomiting reflex, respiratory control, pain sensation neocortex cognitive functions, sensory perception, language basal ganglia motor control, facilitates movement, forming habits, planning & learning amygdala involved in anxiety, motivation emotions including fear & pleasure Marijuana affects specific sites called cannabinoid receptors . Most of the cannabinoid receptors are found in parts of the brain that influence pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. That’s why marijuana produces the effects that it does. Marijuana Impaired Driving What happens to your body when you smoke marijuana? Within a few minutes after inhaling marijuana smoke, a person’s heart rate speeds up, the bronchial passages (the pipes that let air in and out of your lungs) relax and become enlarged, and blood vessels in the eyes expand, making the eyes look red. While these and other effects seem harmless, they can take a toll on the body. Regular use of marijuana has also been linked to depression , anxiety , and a loss of drive or motivation . In the short-term, marijuana can cause: • problems with learning and memory • distorted perception (sights, sounds, time) • poor motor coordination • difficulty with thinking and problem solving • increased heart rate How long does marijuana stay in the body? The THC (psychoactive ingredient) in marijuana is rapidly absorbed by fatty tissues in various organs throughout the body. In general, standard urine tests can detect traces (metabolites) of THC several days after use. In heavy users, THC metabolites can sometimes be detected for weeks after use stops. Marijuana Impaired Driving Marijuana can slow reaction time, impair judgment, distort perception, and decrease coordination. Studies of drivers who use marijuana show an increase in lane weaving, poor reaction time, and altered attention to the road. Use of alcohol with marijuana makes drivers more impaired, causing even more lane weaving. What does marijuana do to the brain? Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6917dopamine ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ What happens to your body when you smoke marijuana? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What does marijuana do to the brain? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ In the short-term, marijuana can cause: • ______________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________ • ______________________________________________________ How does marijuana use impair driving? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Marijuana Impaired Driving Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-69171 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Admin. 2 Governors Highway Safety Association How many people take drugs or alcohol and drive? According to the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 21.4 million people aged 16 or older drove under the influence of alcohol in that past year and 12.8 million drove under the influence of illicit drugs. The survey also showed that men are more likely than women to drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Statistics of Impaired Driving What populations are especially affected by impaired driving? Teen drivers are most often affected by impaired driving. They are less experienced and are more likely than other drivers to underestimate or not recognize dangerous situations. They are also more likely to speed and allow less distance between vehicles. When lack of driving experience is combined with drug or alcohol use, the results can be tragic. Car crashes are the leading cause of death among young people aged 16 to 19 years. In 2017, among people ages 16 or older... 1 In 2016, among people killed in driving accidents... 2 21.4 MILLION drove after drinking ALCOHOL 12.8 MILLION drove after using ILLICIT DRUGS* *ILLICIT DRUGS = marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants or methamphetamine 43.6% 50.5% positive for 2 or more DRUGS 40.7% positive for ALCOHOL of drivers who were drug tested had positive results Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-69121 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Admin. 2 Governors Highway Safety Association Statistics of Impaired Driving In 2017, among people ages 16 or older... 1 In 2016, among people killed in driving accidents... 2 drove after drinking ALCOHOL 12.8 MILLION drove after using ILLICIT DRUGS* *ILLICIT DRUGS = marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants or methamphetamine 43.6% _______ positive for 2 or more DRUGS _______ positive for ALCOHOL of drivers who were drug tested had positive results Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6912 How many people take drugs or alcohol and drive? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What populations are especially affected by impaired driving? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Interventions for Preventing Underage Drinking & Drug Use Environmental-level interventions seek to reduce opportunities for underage drinking and drug use, and increase penalties for violating alcohol and drug use laws. Individual-level interventions seek to change knowledge, attitudes, intentions, motivation and skills so that adolescents are better able to resist negative influences and opportunities that surround them. Stategies to Prevent Impaired Driving Preventing Impaired Driving Teens can: • Choose to never take drugs or drink and drive. • Talk with friends about the risks of drugged driving. • Get a ride to and from parties where there are drugs and alcohol. • Avoid going to parties where there are drugs and alcohol. • Refuse to ride in a car with a driver who has been taking drugs or drinking. • Know and follow your state’s Graduated Drivers License laws. • Offer to be a designated driver and stay sober. • Have the designated driver take all car keys. • Never use a cell phone or text while driving. • And remember to wear a seat belt on every trip, no matter how short. Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6919Next >