Copyright © NewPath Learning. All rights reserved. www.newpathlearning.com 36-6003 C harts C harts Curriculum Mastery® Flip Charts Combine Essential Health Education Skills with Hands-On Activities! S ubstance A buse &A ddiction S ubstance A buse &A ddiction Sturdy, Free-Standing Design, Perfect for Learning Centers! Reverse Side Features Questions, Labeling Exercises, Review Activities & more!Phone: 800-507-0966 • Fax: 800-507-0967 www.newpathlearning.com NewPath Learning ® products are developed by teachers using research-based principles and are classroom tested. The company’s learning resources include an array of proprietary Curriculum Mastery ® games and Flip Charts, Learning Centers, Activity Books, Visual Learning Guides and other hands-on resources. All resources are supplemented with web-based multimedia lessons, assessments and interactive activities to provide an engaging means of educating students on key, curriculum-based topics correlated to applicable state and national education standards. Copyright © 2020 NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Curriculum Mastery ® and NewPath Learning ® are registered trademarks of NewPath Learning LLC. Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts provide comprehensive coverage of health education topics in an illustrated format that is visually appealing, engaging and easy to use. Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Charts can be used with the entire classroom, with small groups or by students working independently. Each Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Chart Set features: •10 double-sided laminated charts with illustrated instruction on one side plus write-on/wipe-off activities on the reverse side for student use. •Built-in sturdy free-standing easel for easy display •Spiral bound for ease of use •Student Activity Guide Ideal for •Learning Centers •In class instruction for interactive presentations and demonstrations •Hands-on student use •Stand alone reference for review of key concepts •Teaching resource to supplement any program •Parental Involvement HOW TO USE Classroom Use Each Curriculum Mastery ® Flip Chart can be used to graphically introduce or review a topic of interest. Side 1 of each Flip Chart provides graphical representation of key concepts in a concise, grade appropriate reading level for instructing students. The reverse Side 2 of each Flip Chart allows teachers or students to summarize key concepts and assess their understanding. Note: Be sure to use an appropriate dry-erase marker and to test it on a small section of the chart prior to using it. The Activity Guide included provides a black-line master of each Flip Chart which students can use to fill in before, during, or after instruction. While the activities in the guide can be used in conjunction with the Flip Charts, they can also be used individually for review or as a form of assessment or in conjunction with any other related assignment. Learning Centers Students may use these Flip Charts in small group settings along with the corresponding activity pages contained in the guide to learn or review concepts already covered in class. Independent Student Use Students can use the hands-on Flip Charts to practice and learn independently by first studying Side 1 of the chart and then using Side 2 of the chart or the corresponding graphical activities contained in the Activity Guide. Reference/Teaching resource Curriculum Mastery ® Charts are a great visual supplement to any curriculum. Chart # 1: Chart # 2: Chart # 3: Chart # 4: Chart # 5: Chart # 6: Chart # 7: Chart # 8: Chart # 9: Chart #10: Commonly Abused Drugs Alcohol Use & Abuse Prescription Opioid Drugs Cocaine Methamphetamine Anabolic Steroids Hallucinogens Marijuana CNS Depressants Getting Help for Substance AbuseAlthough many drug’s have acceptable medical uses, there is often potential for misuse or drug dependence. Many misused drugs can alter a person’s thinking and judgment, leading to health risks, including addiction, drugged driving, and infectious disease. Most drugs could potentially harm an unborn baby during pregnancy. Below is a list of commonly abused drugs according to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) . Commonly Abused Drugs •Alcohol •Central Nervous System Depressants •Cocaine •DMT •Hallucinogens •Heroin •Inhalants •Ketamine •LDS •Marijuana (Cannibis) •MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly) While drinking alcohol is itself not necessarily a problem—drinking too much can cause a range of consequences and health issues. Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America. Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant that comes in many different forms and is snorted, swallowed, injected or smoked. Marijuana is made from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. The main psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. Opioids are pain relievers that can cause euphoria and are often used nonmedically, leading to overdose deaths. Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves, which are dried, fermented, and put in products like cigarettes. Tobacco contains nicotine which can lead to addiction. •Mescaline (Peyote) •Methamphetamine •Over-the-Counter – Dextromethorphan (DXM) •PCP •Prescription Opioids •Prescription Stimulants •Salvia •Steroids (Anabolic) •Synthetic Cannabinoids •Synthetic Cathinones (“Bath Salts”) •Tobacco Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6845Commonly Abused Drugs Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6845 List Commonly Abused Drugs: ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________ Alcohol ______________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Cocaine _____________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Methamphetamine ____________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Marijuana ____________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Opioids ______________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ Tobacco _____________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________How does alcohol affect the body? People who drink are affected even before they show signs of being drunk, especially when it comes to decision- making abilities. If drinking continues, the effects on the body, and the potential risks, multiply. Here’s what can happen: Inhibitions and memory: You may do things that you may not remember. Reduced inhibitions lead to poor decision making. Decision-making skills: Increased risk for having a car accident, getting into fights, or making other unwise decisions. Coordination and physical control: Drinking leads to loss of balance, slurred speech and blurred vision. Death: Reflexes like gagging and breathing may be suppressed, which could cause you to vomit and choke, or pass out and stop breathing completely. Alcohol continues to affect the brain and body long after the last drink has been finished. Alcohol in the stomach and intestine continues to enter the bloodstream, impairing judgment and coordination for hours. Potential Health Problems Alcohol & Teens When teens drink, alcohol affects their brains in the short-term – but repeated drinking can also impact it down the road, especially as their brains grow and develop. Short-Term Consequences of Drinking: • harder time making good decisions • less aware that behavior may be inappropriate • more likely to engage in risky behavior, including drinking & driving • less likely to recognize potential danger Long-Term Consequences on Teen Brain Development: • negative effects on information processing and learning • increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder later in life Alcohol Use & Abuse Brain —Scientists are examining how alcohol affects the developing brain. Even subtle changes in the brain may have a significant impact on long-term thinking and memory skills. brain bone & muscle growth liver sex organs endocrine glands Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6846 Liver —Elevated liver enzymes, indicating some degree of liver damage , have been found in some adolescents who drink alcohol. Growth & Endocrine System— Drinking alcohol during puberty, a period of rapid growth and development, may upset the critical hormonal balance necessary for normal development of organs, muscles & bones. Brain: ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Liver: ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Growth & Endocrine System: ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Alcohol Use & Abuse Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6846 How does alcohol affect the body? Inhibitions & memory: ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Decision-making skills: ____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Coordination & physical control: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Death: ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Alcohol & Teens List Short-Term Consequences of Drinking: • ________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________ List Long-Term Consequences of Drinking on Brain Development: • ________________________________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________________ Potential Health Problemscerebral cortex basal ganglia corpus colosum thalamus brainstem VTA (ventral tegmental area) amygdala nucleus accumbens Pleasure Pathway hippocampus cerebellum density of opiod receptors lowhigh How do you become addicted to opioids? Over time, the body gets used to having the drug and feels terrible without it. Withdrawal is like having the flu but much worse, and it can make it hard to stop taking the drug. If a person starts seeking and taking an opioid despite how it is interfering with work, school, or relationships, it is called addiction. How do Opioids work? Opioids are powerful drugs derived from the poppy plant. Opioids affect nerve cells (neurons) in your brain and body. They tell the brain to block pain and can also make you feel calm and happy. They include opium, heroine, morphine and codeine. Prescription Opioids People who have major surgeries including dental work, serious injuries, or cancer are sometimes prescribed opioids to help manage their pain . But opioids can quickly trigger addiction when used improperly. If a person misuses the drug and doesn’t take them as prescribed, opioids can have dangerous consequences. The most commonly used prescription opioids are oxycodone (OxyContin ® ), hydrocodone (Vicodin ® ), codeine and morphine. Prescription Opioid Drugs Short-Term Effects of Opioids: • Feelings of calm, sleepiness, confusion • Slowed or stopped breathing • Nausea, vomiting • Constipation Long-Term Effects of Opioids: • Addiction • Heart infection • Lung infection • Muscle pain Opioids & the Brain Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6847 Several areas in the brain are involved in interpreting pain messages and responding to pain. Opiates activate receptors in these brain regions and change the subjective experience of pain. This is why a person taking morphine may say they still feel pain but that it doesn’t bother them anymore. Opiates can also activate receptors in the brain’s reward sytem and pleasure circuit by causing greater amounts of dopamine to be released within the nucleus accumbens. This causes an intense euphoria or rush , followed by a few hours of a relaxed, contented state. This stimulation of the reward system can lead to addiction. Opiates also act directly on the respiratory center in the brainstem , where they cause a slowdown in breathing activity. Excessive amounts of an opiate can cause the respiratory centers to shut down breathing and lead to death. infected heart valvePrescription Opioid Drugs Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6847 What are Opioids? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Why do people become addicted to Opioids? ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How do Opioids work in the brain? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Why are Opioids prescribed? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ The most commonly used prescription opioids are: ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ List Short-Term Effects: •_________________________________ •_________________________________ •_________________________________ •_________________________________ List Long-Term Effects: • _________________________________ • _________________________________ • _________________________________ • _________________________________ Pleasure Pathwayvesicle with dopamine transporter molecule dopamine receptors transporter blocked by cocaine buildup of dopamine seratonin binding to receptor initiates signal to postsynaptic neuron overactivation of receiving neuron vesicle releases dopamine normal reuptake of dopamine Receiving Neuron Transmitting Neuron Transmitting Neuron Receiving Neuron SYNAPSE cocaine dopamine Cocaine What is Cocaine? Cocaine is a stimulant made from the leaf of the coca plant. It often comes in the form of a white powder that some people inhale through their nose ( snorting ). Another form of cocaine, known as crack , can be smoked. Cocaine Changes the Way the Brain Works Effects on the Heart Cocaine causes blood vessels to become narrow , constricting the flow of blood. This forces the heart to work harder to pump blood through the body. When the heart works harder, it beats faster. It may work so hard that it temporarily loses its natural rhythm. This is called fibrillation and it can be very dangerous because it stops the flow of blood through the body. sinus node atrioventricular node abnormal impulses sinus node Short-Term Health Effects •enlarged pupils •constricted blood vessels •increased heart rate & blood pressure •increased energy & alertness, insomnia •anxiety, panic attacks •paranoia, psychosis, erratic behavior •heart rhythm problems, heart attack •stroke, seizure, coma Long-Term Health Effects • loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds & nasal damage from snorting • trouble swallowing from snorting • infection & death of bowel tissue (from decreased blood flow) • poor nutrient absorption and weight loss • lung damage from smoking Neurons in the brain send messages to each other by releasing special chemicals, called neurotransmitters, which attach to key sites on neurons, called receptors . Dopamine is a neurotransmitter released by neurons in the limbic system —the part of the brain that controls feelings of pleasure . Normally, after dopamine has been released, it is pumped back to the neuron that released it. But cocaine blocks the pump , called the dopamine transporter. Dopamine then builds up in the gap (synapse) between neurons. The result is that dopamine keeps affecting a nerve cell after it should have stopped. That’s why someone who uses cocaine feels an extra sense of pleasure for a short time. Long-term cocaine use reduces the amount of dopamine or number of dopamine receptors in the brain. Nerve cells need more and more dopamine to function normally, requiring more drugs to be able to feel pleasure. As a result, the drug user becomes addicted. Normal RhythmAtrial Fibrillation Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. www.newpathlearning.com © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-6848Next >