< Previousoceanriverdischargewater storagein snowevapotranspirationrunoffinfiltrationwater tableground waterdischargeHLLL• air pressure• cirrus• cold front• condensation• cumulus• evaporation• high pressure• humidity• low pressure• meteorologist• precipitationKey Vocabulary Terms• relative humidity• stationary front• stratus• temperature• transpiration• warm front• water cycle• weather• weather map• wind\|xiBAHBDy01795qzZPhotos courtesy of NASA and NOAA.What Is Weather?What is weather?__________________________________________________________________________________________Scientists who study weather are called ________________________.Humidity and PrecipitationDescribe: Humidity: ____________________________________________________________________________________________Relative humidity: _____________________________________________________________________________________Precipitation: _________________________________________________________________________________________The Sun’s Energy & the Water CycleThe continuous movement of water from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back is called the ________________ _______________. Energy from the Sun heats water causing it to __________________________. Plants and animals also give off water; this is called ___________________________. The largest source of atmospheric water vapor is the oceans. This water vapor accumulates in the atmosphere and forms clouds under proper conditions. Water eventually ____________________________ out of the clouds and falls back to Earth either as rain, snow or sleet. Types of CloudsClouds are categorized based on their form and composition. Cloud FormationHow do clouds form?What is a weather map? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________Weather MapSymbolswarm frontcold frontstationary frontHhigh pressureLlow pressuresnowrainthunderstormAmount of Water Vapor Air Can Hold at Various TemperaturesTemperature (ºC)Water vapor (g/m3)0-10010203040501020304050© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4109www.newpathlearning.comUnderstanding WeatherThe Water Cycle© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4355Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.EvaporationCondensationPrecipitationRunoffWater constantly moves from the Earth’s surface into the air and back again. This process is called the water cycle. Sunlight provides the energy for water to move through the water cycle. Water changes form when it is heated or cooled. Water can exist as a solid (ice), liquid (rain), or a gas (water vapor).Condensation As water vapor rises into the air, it cools causing the vapor to turn into tiny water droplets and form clouds. This change is called condensation. Precipitation As these tiny water droplets in the clouds join together they grow too heavy and fall to Earth as rain, snow, sleet or hail. This process is called precipitation.snowrainrainsleetsnowHeat from the Sun causes liquid water on the Earth’s surface to change to water vapor or gas. This is called evaporation. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4355Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Pause & ReviewLabel the water cycle.The Water CycleDescribe how clouds form. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is precipitation? _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The SunThe Sun is at the center of our solar system. It is a gigantic star made up of hot gases called plasma. The Sun’s energy is fueled by nuclear fusion reactions and makes all life possible on Earth. The Earth’s MoonThe moon is a dry and airless place. It is the second brightest object in the sky after the Sun. Its surface is covered with pockmarks created by the impact of meteorites. The Moon revolves around Earth and also rotates on its own axis. It makes one complete revolution around the Earth every 27.3 days. The Moon is in what scientists call synchronous rotation. This means that the same side of the Moon faces the Earth at all times.Earth’s SeasonsThe Earth is simultaneously spinning on its axis (rotation) and revolving around the Sun. As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the degree to which various points on the globe are pointing toward or away from the Sun determines the seasons at those points. Photographic images courtesy of NASA.SpringSummerFallWinterPhases of the MoonThe revolution of the moon around the Earth makes it appear to look different to us throughout the month. At times we see the entire moon and at others, only a portion of it, with the rest being in shadow. The different appearances of the moon throughout the month are known as the moon’s phases. When the portion of the moon that is lit by sunlight is getting larger, the moon is said to be waxing. When that portion is getting smaller, it is said to be waning. fullwaning gibbousfirst quarterwaning crescentnewwaxing crescentthird quarteraxisrotationrevolutionSeasons in the Northern Hemispherewaxing gibbous© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4608www.newpathlearning.comsunspotsolar flarephotospherechromosphereradiationzoneconvectionzonecoreSun, Earth, Moon System© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4608www.newpathlearning.comPhotographic images courtesy of NASA.SpringSummerFallWinterDescribethe Sun.________________________________________________________________________________The Earth’s MoonDescribe Earth’s Moon.______________________________________________________________The Moon makes one complete __________________ around the Earth every 27.3 days. The Moon is in what scientists call _________________ ________________. This means that the same side of the moon faces the Earth at all times.Phases of the MoonThe __________________ of the moon around the Earth makes it appear to look different to us throughout the month. At times we see the entire moon and at others, only a portion of it, with the rest being in shadow. The different appearances of the moon throughout the month are known as the ________________________ ____________________________. When the portion of the moon that is lit by sunlight is getting larger, the moon is said to be __________________. When that portion is getting smaller, it is said to be __________________. Earth’s SeasonsThe Earth is simultaneously ____________________ on its axis (rotation) and ____________________ around the Sun. As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the degree to which various points on the globe are pointing toward or away from the Sun determines the ____________________ at those points. The SunKey Vocabulary Terms•axis•revolution•chromosphere • rotation•convection zone • seasons•core•solar flare•corona•solar system•phases•sunspot•photosphere•synchronous•plasma•waning•radiation zone•waxing\|xiBAHBDy01794tz]Sun, Earth, Moon System© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4407www.newpathlearning.comThe Earth is made up of three main layers called the crust, mantle, and core. The innermost layer of the Earth is the Earth’s core. The Earth has an inner and outer core. The inner core is in the middle and is packed tightly so it is mostly solid. The outer core of the Earth made up of very hot, dense (thick) liquid.The layer under the Earth’s crust, the mantle, is made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks. We live on the outer layer of the Earth called the Earth’s crust. Images courtesy of USGS, NPS, USFWS.The Earth’s surface changes constantly because of wind, water, temperature changes, and living things. Landforms change constantly due to weathering which is the process of rocks breaking into smaller pieces. There are two types of weathering - physical and chemical. Physical weathering only changes the size of the rock. Chemical weathering not only changes the size of rocks but also causes them to change into different materials. The movement of land that has been weathered is called erosion. Erosion is caused by water, wind, gravity, and glaciers. Deposition is the laying down of pieces of Earth’s surface. Over time, whole landscapes can be changed by erosion and deposition.Earthquakes also cause rapid changes to the Earth’s surface. An earthquake is a sudden shift in the Earth’s crust that causes the ground to shake and vibrate violently. They most often occur near faults which are large breaks or cracks in the Earth’s crust. Some things that occur in nature, such as volcanoes, cause rapid changes to the Earth’s surface. An active volcano is a volcano that erupts often or show signs of future eruptions. Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have not erupted for a long time and do not show signs of erupting in the future. Earth’s surface has many shapes and features, known as landforms; which include many different solid features naturally formed on top of the Earth’s crust and bodies of water.A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, most often as the result of an earthquake.Changing Earth’s SurfaceWeathering - physical & chemicalErosionDepositionLandslidesVolcanoesEarthquakes••••••seismicwavesfocusfaulterosiondepositionMt. Rainier is a dormant volcano.mountainlakevalleycrustinnercoremantleoutercoreGneiss and marble are metamorphic rocks found in the Earth’s mantle. Obsidian is an example of igneous rock found there also.marblegneissobsidianEarth - Inside & Out© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4407www.newpathlearning.comWhat are the three main layers that make up the Earth?___________________________________________________Describe landforms.________________________________________________________________________________________________How do landforms form?________________________________________________________________________________________________Images courtesy of USGS, NPS, USFWS.Describe physical weathering. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe chemical weathering. __________________________________________________________________________________________________What is an earthquake? ____________________________________________________________________________________What is a seismic wave?________________________________________________________What is a volcano?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key Vocabulary Terms•crust•lava•deposition•magma•dormant•mantle•earthquake•marble•erosion•obsidian•gneiss•outer core•inner core•seismic wave•landform•volcano•landslides•weatheringMt. Rainier is a ________________________________.\|xiBAHBDy01726kzUEarth - Inside & OutMercuryVenusEarthAsteroid beltMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePluto• Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and is the second smallest planet in the solar system. Mercury is dry and is a very hot planet since it is so close to the Sun. • The second closest planet to the Sun is Venus. Venus has no moons and is also a very hot and rocky planet. • Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is where we live. Earth is the only planet in the solar system that can support life. Earth has water, atmosphere that contains oxygen and carbon dioxide, and just the right temperatures in order for things to live on Earth.• The fourth planet from the Sun is the planet Mars, which is the last of the inner planets. Mars is often known as the “red planet” because of its red and orange surface.• The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter, it contains thousands of asteroids. Asteroids are small pieces of rock that orbit around the Sun.• The fifth planet from the Sun, that is made up of gas, is Jupiter. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. • The sixth planet from the Sun is Saturn. Saturn has rings made of ice and rock that circle around the planet. • The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus. Uranus has 26 moons. • The eighth planet from the Sun is Neptune. Neptune is made up of different gases.• Pluto is a dwarf planet and is farther from the Sun than the other known planets. Pluto is made up of poisonous gases.Distance from the SunAU = Astronomical Unit1 AU = approximately 150 million kmPlanetAUMercury0.4 AUVenus0.7 AUEarth1.0 AUMars1.5 AUAsteroid Belt2.8 AUJupiter5.0 AUSaturn10.0 AUUranus19.0 AUNeptune30.0 AUPluto39.0 AUThe solar system includes the Sun, planets, the moons of each planet, as well as other objects that revolve around the Sun. The Sun is a gigantic star that is made up of hot gases called plasma. Planets and other objects revolve around the Sun in a path called an orbit. A planet is a large body that revolves around the Sun. Planets farther from the Sun take a longer time to orbit around the Sun than planets that are closer.There are eight known planets, plus a dwarf planet, Pluto. The planets are divided into two groups called inner and outer planets based on their distance from the Sun. The inner planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The outer planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and the dwarf planet Pluto. © Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4310www.newpathlearning.comThe Solar System\|xiBAHBDy01731ozXDistance from the SunAU = Astronomical Unit1 AU = approximately 150 million kmPlanetAUMercury0.4 AUVenus0.7 AUEarth1.0 AUMars1.5 AUAsteroid Belt2.8 AUJupiter5.0 AUSaturn10.0 AUUranus19.0 AUNeptune30.0 AUPluto39.0 AUWhat makes up our solar system? _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________What is a planet? __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________Which are the inner planets? ____________________ _____________________________________Which are the outer planets? _______ __________________________What is the asteroid belt? ________________ ____________Key Vocabulary Termsasteroid belt orbitasteroids outer planetsdwarf planet planetEarth Pluto inner planets SaturnJupiter solar systemMars SunMercury UranusNeptune VenusDescribe each of the planets:Mercury ________________________Venus __________________________________________Earth _______________________________________________________________Mars _______________________________________________________________________Jupiter ______________________________________________________________________Saturn ______________________________________________________________________Uranus ______________________________________________________________________Neptune _____________________________________________________________________Pluto _______________________________________________________________________© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4310www.newpathlearning.comThe Solar SystemKey Vocabulary Terms© Copyright NewPath Learning. All Rights Reserved. 94-4585Visit www.newpathlearning.com for Online Learning Resources.Photos courtesy of NASA.equatorNorthernHemisphereSouthernHemisphereequatorthe imaginary line drawn around the Earth dividing it into the northern and southern hemispheres gravity a force of attraction that pulls objects toward each other orbit the curved path a celestial body takes to travel around another celestial body seasonperiod of a year characterized by particular weather patterns resulting from the Earth’s changing position in relation to the Sunatmospherea blanket of gases that surrounds and covers the Earthprecipitationany form of water that falls from the clouds; includes rain, sleet and snowasteroid a rocky body that circles the Sun in an area between Mars and Jupiter chromosphere the middle layer of the Sun’s atmosphereconvective zone the Sun’s layer near its surface in which hot gases rise, cool and then descend back into the Suncorona the Sun’s outer atmosphere that extends for millions of kilometers beyond the Sungas giants the four outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune) that are composed predominantly of hydrogen & heliumphotosphere the surface of the Sun that we are able to seeradiative zone the inner layer of the Sun between the Sun’s core and the convective zoneterrestrial planets the four rocky inner planets closest to the Sun; Mercury, Venus, Earth and MarsNext >